The fast metabolism diet community makes that easy for you, we listed down our collection of recipes allowed for each phase of the fast metabolism diet. Phase i reactions include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis that are catalyzed by several enzymes including cytochrome p450. The example of phase 1 and phase 2 metabolism of phenytoin is shown in figure 31. Two general categories of drug metabolism occur in the liver. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Phase ii metabolism can also play a role in metabolic activation. Press button download or read online below and wait 20 seconds. If you wish to have a paper copy of the phase2 reference information, pdf documents are available. Enjoy the fatblasting baked egg casserole recipe to target and unlock fatstorage in your body. Metabolism is an essential pharmacokinetic process, which renders lipid soluble and nonpolar compounds to water soluble and polar compounds so that. Phase i metabolism tends to be reduced in the elderly, along with polypharmacy, predisposing elderly patients to cyp450 related interactions. Phase i reactions phase i reactions also termed nonsynthetic reactions may occur by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, cyclization, and decyclization addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen, carried out by mixed function oxidases, often in the liver. In phase 2, we cut those out completely and focus on lean proteins and alkalizing vegetables that will build muscle and stimulate your liver.
Some typical examples of phase i metabolism include oxidation and hydrolysis. Phase i functionalization reactions and phase ii biosynthetic reactions metabolism. However, phase ii metabolism remains relatively preserved in the elderly. Toxic suffocating burning explosive flammable co2 h2so4 n n n no2 o2n no2 hgonc2 n 2 o cs2 cl s cl p cn o n o nh2 nc cn cl s ome o meo o ho car cinoge oxidzng narcoti iritang. The proteins and vegetables included on the fast metabolism diet phase 2 food list are there for a good reason. Therefore, benzene metabolism was studied in isolated rodent hepatocytes. Help help topics in the phase 2 model or phase interpret programs.
Hcg phase 2 breakfast food list in 2020 hcg diet recipes. Drug metabolism phase 2 conjugation reactions medicinal chemistry 3rd stage 1. The workout and diet program is backed by research that supports a womans metabolism by focusing on the lifestyle and hormones of a women. Homework 1 drug metabolism 20 university of washington. Overview definition consequences types phase iii in detail. Eggwhite omelette with spinach, onions, cucumbers, and watercress. These processes involve creating and consuming energy. Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. A day in phase 2 we are now preparing your phase 2 menu.
Phase 1 andor phase 2 some drugs undergo either phase 1 or phase 2 metabolism, but most undergo phase 1. Phase i reactions involve hydrolysis, reduction and oxidation, exposing or introducing a functional group oh, nh 2, sh or cooh to slightly increase hydrophilicity. Phase 1 reactions are almost nonexistent in the fetuses of laboratory animals. Abnormal metabolism of fats lipids leading to abnormalities in the level of fats in the blood stream e. The metabolism phase is absent for the few drugs that are not transformed. View the rest of my pharmacology videos in order be. Introduction of a polar functional group or modification of an existing functional group in a drug molecule such that it becomes more polar. Metabolic activation could involve one enzyme or could be a result of. At p c y t o s o l e e c t r o n t r a n s p o r t chain. Environmental issues and hazards in the chemical research. Gene polymorphism of biotransformation enzymes may often play a role in various pathophysiological processes. Phase i biotransformations include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions.
Jun, 20 phase 2, unlock, allows for the mobilization of stored energy in the form of fat, so that you can burn it as fuel. Drug metabolism can be divided into the phase i reactions functionalisation and the phase ii reactions conjugation. Toss it in the oven on the morning of your first phase 2 day on the fast metabolism diet. Metabolites formed in phase 2 are unlikely to be pharmacologically active. M acetaminophen solution in 10mm ammonium formate ph 7. Phase 2 fast metabolism dietthis one is a real winner a baked egg casserole that goes together fast. Subscribe to my blog for more phase 2 recipes in the coming. Types of phase 1 and phase 2 metabolism associated enzymes and cofactors. Boosting your metabolism 101 introduction metabolism is all of the physical and chemical processes in the body that maintain life. Click download or read online button to get metabolism revolution pdf book now.
Reduced metabolising capacity of phase ii enzymes can lead to toxic effects of clinically used drugs. Chicken noodle soup, stir fries, my meatball recipes and variations, salad dressings, fajitas. Whereas phase 1 metabolism involves hydroxylation, oxidation, and reduction pathways, phase 2 metabolism involves primarily conjugation of the phase 1 metabolites with a variety of groups e. Phase ii enzymes undoubtedly play an important role in the detoxification of various xenobiotics. It is highly variable among drugs and depends on biological conditions. Lean proteins provide the ingredients for creating amino acids in the body. The hepatic metabolism of benzene is thought to be a prerequisite for its bony marrow toxicity.
Pdf on feb 1, 2005, p david josephy and others published phase i and phase ii drug metabolism. Fast mimicking of phase 1 and 2 metabolism of acetaminophen using the. Phase ii drug metabolizing enzymes play an important role in biotransformation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics to more easily excretable forms as well as in the metabolic inactivation of pharmacologically active compounds. Eggwhite, spinach, and onion omelette with fresh cucumbers and watercress on the side. Metabolic reductions, hydrolysis, phase 2 metabolism. In this phase an existing functional group already presents in the drug molecule or created by phase i metabolism such as alcohol, phenol, amine is masked or inactivated by a process of. Phase i reactions convert the parent drug into more polar metabolites through introduction or exposing oh, sh, or nh2 functional groups. So, just click the recipe you want and it will take you right to the recipe. Phasespecific fast metabolism diet recipes trying to find healthy and delicious phasespecific fast metabolism diet recipes. Phase i biotransformation reactions introduce or expose functional groups on the drug with the goal of increasing the polarity of the compound. The metabolites of phase i metabolic reactions can either be directly excreted in the urine or undergo further metabolic reactions. Boosting your metabolism 101 pennsylvania state university. Phase ii reactions include glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation, methylation, conjugation with glutathione, and conjugation with amino acids glycine, taurine and glutamic acid that strongly increase hydrophilicity. Liver contains the necessary enzymes for metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics.
To further help in implementing your fast metabolism diet, here is the complete list of foods allowed on phase 2 vegetables and salad greens fresh, canned, or frozen arrowroot arugula asparagus. However, the complete pattern of benzene metabolites formed in the liver and their role in bone marrow toxicity are not fully understood. Fast metabolism diet phase 2 what i eat in a day glamorable. Modeling of phase 2 metabolism enzymes drug metabolism. Fast metabolism diet phase 1, 2 and 3 was created to help you lose up to 20 pounds in less than a month. Phase i and phase ii biotransformation reactions catalyzed by xenobiotic biotransforming enzymes are generally divided into two groups. Often these reactions involve the introduction of polar functional groups such as oh to drug molecules to make them more hydrophilic. Drug metabolism and clinical pharmacology learn about from the msd manuals medical professional version. Phase 2 metabolism involves reactions that chemically change the drug or phase 1 metabolites. This is called conjugation and the product is called a conjugate. Phase ii of metabolism may or may not be preceded by phase i reactions.
Phase ii reactions involve conjugation of the drug with endogenous charged. Glutathione gsh or mercapturic acid conjugations 5. This results in activation or inactivation of the parent drug. By the end of phase 2, you will notice a change in your body. The content is so presented to allow the reader to compare various processes simultaneously and can easily memorize and learn about the topic. An important point to note is that some drugs dont undergo phase i metabolic reaction but instead are directly deactivated by phase ii reactions. Jade teta, has designed the program to work with and optimize a womans metabolism. In phase 1, we were targeting your adrenals with carbohydraterich foods, and fruits high in natural sugar. Metabolic rates are determined by how fast energy can be produced and used. Integration and regulation we have discussed various fuels which are oxidized via different catabolic pathways to generate atp, or reducing equivalents required to carry out various. The correct answers can be found in link at the end of this post. The content has been concisely summarized to help understand various steps involved in the phase 1 and pase 2 metabolism processes of xenobiotics.
Learn all about its phases, food lists and recipes. In the intestine for example, several drug metabolising enzymes are presumed to decrease the bioavailability of orally administered drugs or to activate environmental carcinogens. I have a phase 2 cookbook in the store, over 30 recipes for entrees, side dishes, smoothies, sauces, breakfast ideas. Choose from 500 different sets of 1 phase 2 metabolism flashcards on quizlet. Healthy fats, oils, and all of the above fridaysunday this is the most active phase of this diet. These are lots of phase 2 hcg recipes i compiled from various sources. The oxidation by phase 1 enzymes either adds or exposes a functional group, permitting the products of phase 1 metabolism to serve as substrates for the phase 2 conjugat. Phase 2 of the fast metabolism diet is powerful stuff. Fast metabolism diet phase 1, 2 and 3 ultimate guide for.
Phases of drug metabolism phase 1 drug metabolism functional conversion to polar metabolites in preparation for conjugation mostly in endoplasmic reticulum of the liver oh, nh2, sh, cooh often results in inactive metabolite, although sometimes metabolite more active prepares drug for phase 2 metabolism. Drug metabolism is normally divided into two phases, phase i or functionalisation reactions and phase ii or con jugative reactions. Introduction to phase i and ii metabolisms phase i. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism from the greek xenos stranger and biotic related to living beings is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organisms normal biochemistry, such as any drug. In addition to the liver, every biological tissue of the body has the ability to metabolize drugs. Drug metabolism is the phase of biochemical transformation of the drug. Phase ii reactions involves the binding of molecules to. The enzymecatalyzed reactions of phase i metabolism bind oxygen, hydrogen, water, or amino acids to the lipophilic drug molecule to expose or introduce a hydroxyl oh, amino nh 2, sulfhydryl sh, or carboxyl cooh polar functional group, and thus, result in a modest increase in the parent drugs water solubility. The terms in the table below are a collection of items from the lectures that you should be able to define and relate in a sentence or two to drug metabolism as set out in the notes.
Download metabolism revolution pdf or read metabolism revolution pdf online books in pdf, epub and mobi format. This quiz has been uploaded to scribd by medical student james lamberg. The term metabolism is commonly used probably because products of drug transformation are called metabolites. Although phase i drug metabolism occurs in most tissues, the primary and first pass site of metabolism occurs during hepatic circulation. It took me ages to figure out how to make my egg whites stay fluffy, and the secret is to cover them with a lid while cooking. Phase 1 reactions produce functional groups that can participate in phase 2 reactions. The drug metabolism process occurring in organs other than the figure 1. Caira university of cape town, south africa edited by drug metabolism current concepts corina ionescu i. You will also be more than excited to move on to phase 3 of this diet plan. Metabolic renewal workout dvd and diet program by jade teta. The following are multiple choice questions in a style similar to those included in the usmle step 1. Metabolism or biotransformation the conversion from one chemical form of a substance to another. Cyp2c19 and cyp3a4 are the major players in the metabolism of benzodiazepines that undergo phase i metabolism figure 1.
Liver phases 1 and 2 detoxification pathways what are the symptoms of a dysfunctional liver. Phase i and phase ii reactions of drug authorstream. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Have fun, try these recipes that suit to the current phase you are in now and see the results in your body afterwards. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Fast mimicking of phase 1 and 2 metabolism of acetaminophen using the roxy ec system fast mimicking of phase 1 and 2 metabolism of acetaminophen using the roxy ec system fast mimicking of phase 1 and 2 metabolism of acetaminophen using the roxy ec system figure 1. Oct 23, 20 reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis, conjugation, glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfaction, mnemonics. In a number of cases, phase i metabolites may be excreted prior to conjugation. One of them is gst or glutathione stransferases, which are a family of ubiquitously expressed polymorphic enzymes that are involved in the. These reactions include hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation. Learn 1 phase 2 metabolism with free interactive flashcards.
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